North Dakota combines a no-fault system with a six-year filing window. PIP pays medical bills and wage loss first, and a pain-and-suffering claim only opens up once medical expenses clear the statutory threshold or the injury is permanent or disfiguring.
Filing deadline
6 years
From the date of the accident, for injury lawsuits.
Fault rule
Modified comparative (50% bar)
North Dakota bars recovery once your fault is as great as the combined fault of the defendants.
Required coverage
$25K / $50K
North Dakota is a no-fault state — your own PIP pays first.
North Dakota is a no-fault state: PIP pays your medical bills and lost wages first, regardless of who caused the crash.
A pain-and-suffering claim against the at-fault driver only opens up once medical expenses clear a statutory threshold, or the injury is permanent, disfiguring, or fatal.
North Dakota gives claimants six years to file, one of the longest windows in the country, and combines it with modified comparative negligence at a 50% bar once past the PIP threshold.
The 6-year statute of limitations gets the headlines, but it is almost never the deadline people actually miss.
| Deadline | Window | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Personal injury lawsuit | 6 years from the crash | N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16. |
| Claim against a government entity | Notice generally required within 180 days to 3 years | North Dakota's political subdivision claims procedures move faster than the general six-year window. |
Provisions that are specific to North Dakota and routinely surprise claimants who assumed the national norm applied.
Even with a long filing window, whether you can sue for pain and suffering at all is decided by whether your medical bills clear the PIP threshold — a determination that happens in the months after the crash, not years later.
Past the no-fault gate, North Dakota switches to an ordinary 50%-bar comparative analysis for the liability claim.
North Dakota's claim volume is concentrated in a handful of population centers, producing more predictable settlement patterns than in larger, venue-diverse states.
North Dakota requires at least $25K / $50K in bodily injury liability coverage, uninsured motorist coverage is mandatory, and fault is decided under modified comparative (50% bar).
Bodily injury per person / per accident. This is the ceiling on the at-fault driver's policy, not a valuation of your injury.
Every North Dakota auto policy carries it, so there is almost always a second pot of money when the at-fault driver is uninsured or underinsured.
Your own PIP pays medical bills first regardless of who caused it, and a statutory injury threshold gates the pain-and-suffering claim. Motorcycles are excluded from PIP in most no-fault states — confirm it before you count on that coverage.
North Dakota bars recovery once your fault is as great as the combined fault of the defendants.
Coverage minimums and helmet requirements are set by statute and change. Verified August 2026 against the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety helmet law table and state insurance department filings; confirm the current rule before relying on it.
National ranges adjusted for North Dakota's legal climate. Click an injury for the full North Dakota breakdown.
| Injury | Typical range | Severe cases |
|---|---|---|
| Whiplash | $2K – $23K | up to $85K |
| Back Injury | $9K – $85K | up to $425K |
| Herniated Disc | $35K – $125K | up to $600K |
| Broken Bones | $13K – $85K | up to $300K |
| Concussion / Mild TBI | $18K – $100K | up to $850K |
| Shoulder Injury | $13K – $85K | up to $250K |
| Knee Injury | $13K – $85K | up to $350K |
| Neck Injury | $13K – $100K | up to $500K |
| Spinal Cord Injury | $225K – $1.3M | up to $8.5M |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | $85K – $850K | up to $8.5M |
| Internal Injuries | $43K – $225K | up to $850K |
| Burn Injuries | $23K – $175K | up to $4.3M |
| PTSD / Emotional Distress | $9K – $65K | up to $225K |
| Wrongful Death | $425K – $1.7M | up to $8.5M |
| Soft Tissue Injuries | $2K – $18K | up to $65K |
| Amputation & Limb Loss | $225K – $1.7M | up to $8.5M |
| Electrocution & Electrical Injury | $43K – $425K | up to $8.5M |
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) | $23K – $425K | up to $4.3M |
How the claim is built changes with how you were hurt. Each guide applies ND law to that specific kind of accident.
Car Accident
$3K – $48K
Truck Accident
$23K – $300K
Motorcycle Accident
$18K – $175K
Pedestrian Accident
$23K – $225K
Bicycle Accident
$13K – $125K
Rideshare Accident
$9K – $100K
Slip and Fall
$5K – $50K
Workplace Injury
$5K – $65K
Dog Bite
$13K – $50K
Medical Malpractice
$43K – $425K
Product Liability
$23K – $225K
Nursing Home Abuse
$25K – $250K
Electric Scooter Accident
$9K – $65K
Falling Object Injury
$13K – $125K
These apply to every claim, and each one is a mistake insurers count on.
Get treated within 72 hours, and do not skip visits
Treatment delay and gaps in care are the two most common reasons claims get discounted. If you have to pause treatment for money, work, or childcare, tell the provider so the reason appears in the chart rather than reading as recovery.
Photograph everything while it is fresh
Both vehicles from multiple angles, the scene, road conditions, skid marks, traffic controls, and your visible injuries as they develop. Bruising often looks worse on day three than on day one — photograph it again.
Keep a dated symptom journal
Pain scores, sleep disruption, and specific activities you could not do. Contemporaneous notes carry weight that a recollection twelve months later does not, and they are what make non-economic damages concrete.
Document work impact through your employer
A letter confirming missed shifts, modified duty, or lost overtime turns lost income from an assertion into a provable number.
Decline the early recorded statement
You are not obligated to give a recorded statement to the other driver's insurer. Early statements are taken before symptoms peak and are quoted back for the life of the claim.
Report every symptomatic area at the first visit
Injuries that hurt less at first get mentioned later, and the delay becomes the insurer's causation argument. List everything that hurts, even mildly.
Six phases, and the first is the longest — nothing can be valued until treatment ends or plateaus.
Nothing can be valued until your doctor says you have stopped improving — maximum medical improvement. Settling before that point means paying for your own future care.
Records, bills, wage documentation, and a written demand go to the adjuster. Assembling complete records from every provider is usually what takes the time.
The adjuster reviews the file, often runs it through claims-evaluation software, and sets an authority range. Complex or disputed claims go to a supervisor or a committee.
Offers and counters. Straightforward claims resolve in a handful of exchanges; disputed liability or serious injury can take many rounds, and sometimes a lawsuit filing to move.
You sign a release ending the claim permanently. Read it — a broad release can extinguish claims against parties you did not intend to release.
The check goes to your attorney's trust account. Liens and medical providers are paid first, then fees and case costs, then the balance reaches you. Many states require the insurer to pay within roughly 30 days of the signed release.
The questions people actually search for on this topic, answered in full.
Six years from the crash — one of the longest windows nationally. Government-entity claims move on a much faster separate timeline.
Yes. PIP pays your medical bills and lost wages regardless of fault, and you can only sue for pain and suffering once you clear the statutory threshold.
Once past the PIP threshold, you recover nothing if your fault is as great as the combined fault of the defendants; below that, damages are reduced by your share.
$25,000 per person and $50,000 per accident for bodily injury, plus mandatory PIP.
The questions people actually search for on this topic, answered in full.
Contingency fees typically run 33% to 40%. The common structure is one third if the case settles before a lawsuit is filed, rising to 40% once litigation begins or the case approaches trial. Case expenses — filing fees, records, expert reports — are usually deducted on top of the fee rather than out of it, so ask specifically which structure the agreement uses.
Compensation for physical injury or physical sickness is generally not taxable federally. Portions allocated to lost wages, punitive damages, and interest generally are, and previously deducted medical expenses can be taxable when reimbursed. How the settlement is allocated among those categories has real consequences, so it is worth addressing before the documents are signed rather than at tax time.
The order of payment is liens and medical providers first, then attorney fees and case expenses, then you. On a $100,000 settlement with a one-third fee, $4,000 in costs, and $15,000 in medical liens, the net is roughly $48,000 — and lien negotiation is frequently where the largest gains are available, because providers often accept substantial reductions.
The insurer typically issues the check within two to four weeks of receiving the signed release, and most states require payment within a reasonable period commonly understood as 30 to 45 days. Disbursement to you then depends on how quickly liens are resolved, which can add several weeks.
Usually not. Industry analysis consistently places first offers at roughly half of a claim's fair value, and adjusters are evaluated in part on savings against reserves. Cases involving a genuine lowball frequently resolve for several times the opening number once the file is properly documented — but the first offer is also final if you accept it, because the release closes the claim permanently.
In most cases yes. Health insurers, Medicare, Medicaid, and hospitals hold subrogation or lien rights against injury recoveries. Those liens are frequently negotiable — sometimes substantially — and reducing them raises your net recovery dollar for dollar without any further negotiation with the insurer.
Answer six questions and your range appears right here — free, no sign-up, no email wall. It is already set to North Dakota, so the modified comparative (50% bar) rule and this state’s settlement climate are built into the number.
Estimated range
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Laws summarized for general education and may change; verify current deadlines and rules with a licensed North Dakota attorney before acting. Not legal advice. InjurySage is not a law firm. Page updated August 2026.